Fall color is highly variable, ranging from bright red to yellow brown. The northern red oak is often cultivated as an ornamental. The leaves are handsome throughout the year, emerging pinkish red, turning lustrous dark green in summer, and changing to russet red to bright red in autumn. Northern red oak does poorly in part shade, so give it a spot in the yard that it can spread out unhindered by adjoining tall trees. On large trees, naturallyoccurring predatory insects will often bring the aphid population under control. Red oak can develop very high quality saw logs and veneer in northern hardwood associations, contributing highly to the stand value on both agriculturally disturbed and dry or shallowtobedrock sites. Its neutral color allows for a variety of applied stains and styles to compliment the home.
Alternate, simple, 5 to 8 inches long, oblong in shape with 7 to 11 bristletipped lobes, sinuses extend to 12 of the way to midvein, generally very uniform in shape, dull green to bluegreen above and paler below. A good street tree, tolerates pollution and compacted soil. Grass and undergrowth in foreground, more trees in background out of focus. Its tolerance of salt and air pollution makes it a good tree for more exposed areas. Other red oak family members include pin oak, shumard oak, black oak, scarlet oak, and southern northern red oak. We established a study to investigate shortterm morphological responses of northern red oak quercus rubra l. Download brochure pdf download warranty pdf download installation pdf download maintenance pdf download. Northern red oak 3 aphids cause distorted growth and deposits of honeydew on lower leaves. Red maple, paper birch, and aspen can be reproduced and grown on these sites, though expectations for large diameter timber, higher quality saw logs andor rotation age may need to be reduced. The red oak belongs to the genus of oaks and is native to north. Lady bird johnson wildflower center focused on protecting and preserving north americas native plants through native plant lists and image galleries, conservation, education, natural landscapes, seed collection millennium seed bank msb project, preserving and restoring native communities, spreading awareness on invasive species and gardening to attract wildlife. Apply a 34inch layer of mulch to 3 to 4 feet outside of the canopy to keep roots cool in the hot summer. Pdf comparative leaf phenology of white oak and northern. It is a large tree reaching a height of 50 to 75 feet and spread of 40 to 60 feet.
Cuppett3 was able to dry 44 southern swamp red oak from green to 6 percent mc in 53 days with good quality results. Estimating northern red oak siteindex class from total. The leaves are sinuate and the flowers are greenyellowish. Guide to common oak trees of north america thoughtco. Quercus rubra northern red oak environmental horticulture. Typical surface soil textures are sandy loam and silt loam.
Usda nrcs national plant data center and the biota of north america program alternate names red oak, common red oak, eastern red oak, mountain red oak, gray oak uses industry. Depart ment of agriculture, forest service, northeastern forest experiment station. Similar forests are found throughout higher elevations of the southern and central appalachians. Northern red oak stock pictures, royaltyfree photos. Illick, and it is widely considered a national treasure. Northern red oak solid wood finishes also available in veneers note. Native to illinois red oak group white oak group q.
Red oak is included in a group of oaks northern and southern red oaks categorized by that same name. Quercus rubra, the northern red oak, is an oak tree in the red oak group quercus section lobatae. When grown as a shade tree, the northern red oak tree has a straight trunk with branches that grow horizontally at right angles that form a round canopy at the top. The northern red oak is one of the most important oaks for timber production where highgrade red oak is of significant value as. Northern red oak quercus rubra click on the images help you identify an northern red oak. The tree likes sun to halfshade at the location and the soil should be sandy to loamy to strong loamy. Growth rates are about average for northern red oak but rates of mortality and. Sander northern red oak quercus rubru, also known as common red oak, eastern red oak, mountain red oak, and gray oak, is widespread in the east and grows on a variety of soils and topography, often forming pure stands. The northern red oak is botanically called quercus rubra. Northern red oak is native to the midwest and is one of the faster growing oaks for the home landscape. Lobes are uneven in size and length, those along the upper half short and broad. Over 70% of volume is located on sites with a site index greater than 60. It is therefore important to know to which group an oak belongs.
Base of tree trunk, quercus rubra, northern red oak, in center of image clearly showing deep furrows and ridges. Pdf ecology and management of northern red oak quercus. Northern red oak quercus rubra, also known as common red oak, eastern red oak, mountain red oak, and gray oak, is widespread in the east and grows on a variety of soils and topography, often forming pure stands. Pdf white oak and northern red oak leaf injury from. Transplant shock of northern red oak seedlings following simulated drought as influenced by. Volume has risen 42% since 1983 but only 9 % since 1996. The specie and finishes on this card are available for our pews, pew ends, platform furniture, oaklok and paragon series chairs, unity seating, and clarity auditorium seating wood components.
Boring insects are most likely to attack weakened or stressed trees. Northern red oak is an important source of hardwood lumber. Iowa names oak as the state tree so that will include northern red oak. The characteristic dominant in oak forests is northern red oak, although white oak can be locally important.
Northern red oak has the tightest grain and most consistent warm color compared to other species. Plant database lady bird johnson wildflower center. Northern red oak quercus rubra nebraska forest service. Watson2 introduction an adaptable, widely planted oak with a rapid growth rate, red oak will reach a height of 60 to 70 feet and a spread of 40 to 60 feet when opengrown, and is native to rich woodland areas where it will.
White oak and northern red oak leaf injury from exposure to chloroacetanilide herbicides. The northern red oak shade tree is considered to be the most important tree in american forests, mainly as a lumber tree for flooring, construction, furniture and fuel. N orthern red oak is the most common oak species in maine. Quercus rubra plant finder missouri botanical garden. For those who have hunted armed men training is never the same. Leaves are alternate, simple, 59 inches long, with 711 bristletipped lobes cut halfway to the midrib. The hard wood is used in furniture industry, boat building and track laying railway sleepers. We developed a novel scoring system to assess spring phenology in a northern red oak quercus rubra l. Some problems of oaks are restricted to or are more severe in one group versus the other. Development of northern red oak quercus rubra l north central. The survival and growth of northern red oak quercus rubra l.
Acorns typically ripen from september 15 to october 15 ripe acorns will be reddishbrown in color ripe acorns dont have the cap attached collected acorns need to be floated. A visual guide problems of oaks missouri botanical garden. Drying procedures for bacterially infected northern red oak. Leaf shape is the simplest way of telling one from the other. Height 55 to 80 with diameters ranging from 24 to 36.
Red oak regeneration in northern hardwood oak stands is addressed under the. Silvicultural guide for northern hardwoods in the northeast. It is valued for its versatility and hardiness in urban settings. Phenology, dichogamy, and floral synchronization in a. Quercus rubra, commonly called red oak or northern red oak, is a medium sized, deciduous tree with a rounded to broadspreading, often irregular crown. The northern red oak has been called one of the handsomest, cleanest, and stateliest trees in north america by naturalist joseph s. Northern red oak expanded leaf stage occurred earlier when compared to white oak. A visual guide problems of oaks oak groups oaks are usually divided into two groups. An illustrated flora of the northern united states, canada and the british possessions. Watson2 introduction an adaptable, widely planted oak with a rapid growth rate, red oak will reach a height of 60 to 70 feet and a spread of 40 to 60 feet when opengrown, and is native to rich woodland areas where it will grow to 90 feet tall fig. An adaptable, widely planted oak with a rapid growth rate, red oak will. The toothed lobe is a characteristic that separates the red oak family from the white oak family. Pdf northern red oak, white oak, and black walnut diameter.
Other articles where northern red oak is discussed. Northern red oak report wisconsin department of natural. Quercus rubra, or northern red oak, is native to most of the eastern united states including the eastern third of kansas. Estimating northern red oak siteindex class from total height and diameter of dominant and codominant trees in central appalachian hardwood stands. Pdf ecology and management of northern red oak quercus rubra. Find highquality northern red oak stock photos and editorial news pictures from getty images.
Northern red oak is one of the most popular hardwood flooring options for both home and office. It is a native of north america, in the eastern and central united states and southeast and southcentral canada. Gatslick 6 dried 84 northern red oak from green to 20 percent mc in 19 days and 94 in 55 days in a forcedair dryer that had temperature and humidity controls. Dominance by northern red oak quercus rubra characterizes these forests, which reach maximal importance at elevations above 900 m 3,000 ft throughout western virginia.
Northern red oak is a large tree with a tall, straight trunk. The system was used to score from 304 to 364 ramets for three reproductive seasons and to place clones into early, intermediate, and late phenology classes. Is the northern red oak a monocot or dicot answers. Typically grows at a moderatetofast rate to a height of 5075 often larger in the wild. The majority of northern red oak growing stock volume is found on dry mesic and mesic habitat types the majority of northern red oak growing stock volume is found in stands with high site indices chart on left. Northern red oak is the most common oak species in maine. Though drought tolerant, the northern red oak can become stressed in extreme drought. It occurs statewide but is most abundant in the southern half of the state. In the landscape, loss of interveinal tissue in developing leaves leaf tatters is common for white oak quercus alba l.